Welcome to Chemistry-Simulation

Learn about the reactions between cations and various reagents.

Lead (Pb²⁺) + H₂S

Result: Formation of a black precipitate of lead sulfide (PbS).

Explanation: Lead ions react with hydrogen sulfide to form insoluble lead sulfide.

Copper (Cu²⁺) + NaOH

Result: Formation of a blue precipitate of copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂).

Explanation: Sodium hydroxide reacts with copper ions to form copper hydroxide.

Bismuth (Bi³⁺) + H₂S

Result: Formation of a brown-black precipitate of bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃).

Explanation: Bismuth ions react with hydrogen sulfide to form bismuth sulfide.

Iron (Fe³⁺) + NaOH

Result: Formation of a brown precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃).

Explanation: Sodium hydroxide reacts with iron ions to form iron hydroxide.

Chromium (Cr³⁺) + NaOH

Result: Initially forms a grey-green precipitate of chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)₃), which can dissolve in excess NaOH to form a chromate complex.

Explanation: Chromium ions react with sodium hydroxide, but excess NaOH may cause further reaction.

Aluminum (Al³⁺) + NaOH

Result: Formation of a white precipitate of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), which dissolves in excess NaOH.

Explanation: Aluminum reacts to form the hydroxide, which is amphoteric, meaning it can dissolve in excess NaOH.

Zinc (Zn²⁺) + NaOH

Result: Formation of a white precipitate of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)₂), which dissolves in excess NaOH.

Explanation: Similar to aluminum, zinc hydroxide dissolves in excess NaOH to form a soluble zincate ion.

Barium (Ba²⁺) + Acetic Acid + Potassium Chromate

Result: Formation of a yellow precipitate of barium chromate (BaCrO₄).

Explanation: Barium reacts with chromate ions to form an insoluble yellow precipitate of barium chromate.

Iron (Fe³⁺) + Potassium Iodide

Result: The solution turns brown as iodine is liberated, and iron(II) forms.

Explanation: Iron(III) ions are reduced by iodide to form iron(II) and iodine.

Copper (Cu²⁺) + NH₄OH (Ammonium Hydroxide)

Result: Formation of a deep blue solution due to the formation of tetraamminecopper(II) complex.

Explanation: Ammonium hydroxide reacts with copper to form a soluble complex.

Chemistry Simulation

Intergroup Separation